I kēia manawa, ʻo IEC60950, IEC60065 ka pae honua no ka ʻenehana ʻike ʻikepili a me nā mea leo a me nā wikiō, ʻo kā lākou noi noi he 2000m ma luna o ka ʻilikai ma lalo o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi maloʻo a me nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole nā ​​​​kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka hana palekana pono e hōʻike ʻia ma ke kūlana.

Aia ka honua ma kahi o 19.8 miliona kilomika square o ka ʻāina ma luna o 2000m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻelua ʻelua ka nui o Kina.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia kēia mau wahi kiʻekiʻe ma Asia a me ʻAmelika Hema, a ma waena o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hema ʻoi aku ma mua o 2000m ma luna o ka ʻilikai a noho ʻia.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻokele waiwai haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka noho ʻana ma kēia mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke komo ʻana o nā lako ʻike ， ʻO ka hopena, hāʻule ke kiʻekiʻe o ka standardization i nā kūlana honua a ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo i nā mea hou aʻe. nā koi palekana ma luna o 2,000 mika.ʻOiai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, aia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua hoʻomohala i nā ʻoihana a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻike a me nā lako uila, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe poʻe e noho ana ma luna o 2000m, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kūlana UL o ʻAmelika nā koi hou no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. . Eia kekahi, aia ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina lālā o ka IEC ma ʻEulopa, kahi o ka ʻāina ākea.He mau ʻāina liʻiliʻi wale nō, e like me Austria a me Slovenia, loaʻa nā ʻāpana ma luna o 2000m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, nā mauna he nui, nā kūlana ʻino a me ka heluna kanaka.No laila, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo ka European standard EN60950 a me ka International Standard IEC60950 i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni ma luna o 2000m i ka palekana o nā lako ʻike a me nā mea leo a me nā wikiō. palekana lako) ua hāʻawi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoponopono hoʻomaʻemaʻe uila.Hāʻawi ʻia ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka insulation ma IEC664A, akā ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.

Ma muli o ke kaiapuni ʻāina o ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina lālā o ka IEC, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea ʻenehana ʻike ʻike ākea a me nā mea leo a me nā wikiō ma ka home a me ke keʻena, a ʻaʻole e hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaiapuni ma luna o 2000m, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo ʻia.E hoʻohana ʻia nā mea uila, e like me nā kaʻa, nā mea hoʻololi a me nā mea mana ʻē aʻe i nā wahi paʻakikī e like me nā mauna, no laila e noʻonoʻo ʻia lākou i nā kūlana o nā huahana uila a me nā mea ana.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai Kina a me ka hohonu o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā kulekele, ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia nā huahana uila o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kahua noi o nā huahana uila, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana nui i nā manawa hou aku.I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka palekana o nā huahana uila.

1.Ke kūlana noiʻi a me ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlana palekana o nā huahana uila.

Mai ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ua hana nā mea mua i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kūlana palekana o ka huahana uila, ka hoʻāʻo palekana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hana he nui, i ka ʻepekema kumu o ka noiʻi palekana ua holomua kekahi, i ka manawa like e nānā mau i nā kūlana honua. a me ka ʻike loea o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia， ʻO nā kūlana National e like me GB4943 (palekana o nā lako ʻenehana ʻike), GB8898 (nā pono palekana o nā leo leo a me nā lako wikiō) a me GB4793 (palekana o nā lako uila i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ana, ka mana a me ka hale hana) ua kūkulu ʻia, akā. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻamau i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kūlana kaiapuni ma lalo o 2000m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, a he wahi ākea ʻo Kina.He paʻakikī loa nā kūlana ʻāina a me ke ʻano ea.ʻO ka ʻāina komohana ʻākau ka hapa nui o ka pāpū, me ka nui o nā poʻe e noho ana ma laila. ʻO nā wahi ma luna o 1000m helu no 60% o ka ʻāina āpau o Kina, ʻo ka poʻe ma luna o 2000m helu no 33%, a ʻo ka poʻe ma luna o 3000m helu no 16%.I waena o lākou, ʻo nā wahi ma luna o 2000m ka mea nui i Tibet, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinling Mountains a me nā mauna komohana o Xinjiang，E komo pū ana ʻo Kunming, Xining, Lhasa a me nā kūlanakauhale nui o ka panalāʻau ʻē aʻe. pono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kulekele hoʻomohala aupuni komohana, e nui ka helu o nā talena a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i kēia mau wahi, e hoʻohana ʻia nā lako ʻenehana ʻike a me nā mea leo a me nā wikiō i nā helu nui.

Eia kekahi, i ka manawa o ko mākou komo ʻana i ka WTO, he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā kuleana a me nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku Kina ma o nā ʻano loea ma mua o nā ʻano hoʻokele.Nui nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia i mua i nā koi kūikawā e like me kā lākou makemake ponoʻī i ka wā e lawe mai ai i nā huahana uila e like me ke kūlana paʻa.I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hopena o nā kūlana kaiapuni ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā huahana uila, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hana palekana.

2.Ka hopena o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa i ka hana palekana o nā huahana uila.

ʻO ka pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kūkākūkā ʻia ma kēia pepa e uhi wale i nā kūlana puʻuwai ʻāina, ʻaʻole i ka mokulele, aerospace, ea a me nā kūlana kaiapuni ma luna o 6000m.No ka mea he kakaikahi ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi ma luna o 6000m, ua wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o nā kūlana kaiapuni ma lalo o 6000m i ka palekana o nā huahana uila e like me ke ʻano o ke kūkākūkā ʻana，E hoʻohālikelike i ka mana o nā lewa like ʻole ma luna a ma lalo o 2000m i ka hana palekana o nā huahana uila. .Wahi a nā mana o ka honua a me nā hopena noiʻi o kēia manawa, ʻike nui ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke ea i ka hana palekana o nā huahana uila i nā mea aʻe:

(1) Puka mai ke kinoea a i ʻole ka wai mai ka pūpū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
(2) Ua haki a pahū ka pahu hoʻopaʻa
(3) Ka hopena o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ea (electrical gap)
(4) Ka hopena o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa i ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela (ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana)

Ma kēia pepa, kūkākūkā ʻia ka hopena o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka insulation ea a me ka hoʻoili wela.No ka mea, ʻaʻohe hopena o nā kūlana kaiapuni haʻahaʻa i ka insulation paʻa, no laila ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia.

3 Ka hopena o ka puʻe haʻahaʻa i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka uila.

ʻO nā conductors i hoʻohana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā voltage pōʻino a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hiki ke hilinaʻi nui i nā mea insulating.Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea insulating no ka insulation.He haʻahaʻa ko lākou conductivity, akā ʻaʻole lākou he mea hoʻokele ʻole.ʻO ka resistivity insulation ka ikaika o ke kahua uila o ka mea insulation i puʻunaue ʻia e ka nui o kēia manawa e hele ana i ka mea insulation.ʻO ka conductivity ka pānaʻi o ka resistivity. No nā kumu palekana, ua manaʻo nui ʻia ka nui o ka pale ʻana o nā mea insulating e like me ka hiki.ʻO nā mea insulating ka nui o nā mea insulating kinoea, nā mea insulating wai a me nā mea insulating paʻa, a me ke kinoea a me nā mea paʻa paʻa i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana ʻike uila a me nā huahana leo a me nā wikiō e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka insulation, no laila pili pono ka maikaʻi o ka insulating medium i ka. hana palekana o nā huahana.